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+# body-parser
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+
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+[![NPM Version][npm-image]][npm-url]
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+[![NPM Downloads][downloads-image]][downloads-url]
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+[![Build Status][travis-image]][travis-url]
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+[![Test Coverage][coveralls-image]][coveralls-url]
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+
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+Node.js body parsing middleware.
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+
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+Parse incoming request bodies in a middleware before your handlers, available
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+under the `req.body` property.
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+
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+**Note** As `req.body`'s shape is based on user-controlled input, all
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+properties and values in this object are untrusted and should be validated
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+before trusting. For example, `req.body.foo.toString()` may fail in multiple
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+ways, for example the `foo` property may not be there or may not be a string,
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+and `toString` may not be a function and instead a string or other user input.
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+
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+[Learn about the anatomy of an HTTP transaction in Node.js](https://nodejs.org/en/docs/guides/anatomy-of-an-http-transaction/).
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+
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+_This does not handle multipart bodies_, due to their complex and typically
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+large nature. For multipart bodies, you may be interested in the following
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+modules:
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+
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+ * [busboy](https://www.npmjs.org/package/busboy#readme) and
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+ [connect-busboy](https://www.npmjs.org/package/connect-busboy#readme)
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+ * [multiparty](https://www.npmjs.org/package/multiparty#readme) and
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+ [connect-multiparty](https://www.npmjs.org/package/connect-multiparty#readme)
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+ * [formidable](https://www.npmjs.org/package/formidable#readme)
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+ * [multer](https://www.npmjs.org/package/multer#readme)
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+
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+This module provides the following parsers:
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+
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+ * [JSON body parser](#bodyparserjsonoptions)
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+ * [Raw body parser](#bodyparserrawoptions)
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+ * [Text body parser](#bodyparsertextoptions)
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+ * [URL-encoded form body parser](#bodyparserurlencodedoptions)
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+
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+Other body parsers you might be interested in:
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+
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+- [body](https://www.npmjs.org/package/body#readme)
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+- [co-body](https://www.npmjs.org/package/co-body#readme)
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+
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+## Installation
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+
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+```sh
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+$ npm install body-parser
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+```
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+
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+## API
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+
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+<!-- eslint-disable no-unused-vars -->
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+
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+```js
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+var bodyParser = require('body-parser')
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+```
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+
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+The `bodyParser` object exposes various factories to create middlewares. All
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+middlewares will populate the `req.body` property with the parsed body when
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+the `Content-Type` request header matches the `type` option, or an empty
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+object (`{}`) if there was no body to parse, the `Content-Type` was not matched,
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+or an error occurred.
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+
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+The various errors returned by this module are described in the
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+[errors section](#errors).
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+
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+### bodyParser.json([options])
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+
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+Returns middleware that only parses `json` and only looks at requests where
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+the `Content-Type` header matches the `type` option. This parser accepts any
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+Unicode encoding of the body and supports automatic inflation of `gzip` and
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+`deflate` encodings.
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+
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+A new `body` object containing the parsed data is populated on the `request`
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+object after the middleware (i.e. `req.body`).
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+
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+#### Options
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+
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+The `json` function takes an optional `options` object that may contain any of
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+the following keys:
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+
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+##### inflate
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+
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+When set to `true`, then deflated (compressed) bodies will be inflated; when
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+`false`, deflated bodies are rejected. Defaults to `true`.
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+
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+##### limit
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+
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+Controls the maximum request body size. If this is a number, then the value
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+specifies the number of bytes; if it is a string, the value is passed to the
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+[bytes](https://www.npmjs.com/package/bytes) library for parsing. Defaults
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+to `'100kb'`.
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+
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+##### reviver
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+
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+The `reviver` option is passed directly to `JSON.parse` as the second
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+argument. You can find more information on this argument
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+[in the MDN documentation about JSON.parse](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/JSON/parse#Example.3A_Using_the_reviver_parameter).
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+
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+##### strict
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+
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+When set to `true`, will only accept arrays and objects; when `false` will
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+accept anything `JSON.parse` accepts. Defaults to `true`.
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+
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+##### type
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+
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+The `type` option is used to determine what media type the middleware will
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+parse. This option can be a string, array of strings, or a function. If not a
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+function, `type` option is passed directly to the
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+[type-is](https://www.npmjs.org/package/type-is#readme) library and this can
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+be an extension name (like `json`), a mime type (like `application/json`), or
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+a mime type with a wildcard (like `*/*` or `*/json`). If a function, the `type`
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+option is called as `fn(req)` and the request is parsed if it returns a truthy
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+value. Defaults to `application/json`.
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+
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+##### verify
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+
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+The `verify` option, if supplied, is called as `verify(req, res, buf, encoding)`,
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+where `buf` is a `Buffer` of the raw request body and `encoding` is the
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+encoding of the request. The parsing can be aborted by throwing an error.
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+
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+### bodyParser.raw([options])
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+
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+Returns middleware that parses all bodies as a `Buffer` and only looks at
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+requests where the `Content-Type` header matches the `type` option. This
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+parser supports automatic inflation of `gzip` and `deflate` encodings.
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+
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+A new `body` object containing the parsed data is populated on the `request`
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+object after the middleware (i.e. `req.body`). This will be a `Buffer` object
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+of the body.
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+
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+#### Options
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+
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+The `raw` function takes an optional `options` object that may contain any of
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+the following keys:
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+
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+##### inflate
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+
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+When set to `true`, then deflated (compressed) bodies will be inflated; when
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+`false`, deflated bodies are rejected. Defaults to `true`.
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+
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+##### limit
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+
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+Controls the maximum request body size. If this is a number, then the value
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+specifies the number of bytes; if it is a string, the value is passed to the
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+[bytes](https://www.npmjs.com/package/bytes) library for parsing. Defaults
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+to `'100kb'`.
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+
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+##### type
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+
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+The `type` option is used to determine what media type the middleware will
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+parse. This option can be a string, array of strings, or a function.
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+If not a function, `type` option is passed directly to the
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+[type-is](https://www.npmjs.org/package/type-is#readme) library and this
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+can be an extension name (like `bin`), a mime type (like
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+`application/octet-stream`), or a mime type with a wildcard (like `*/*` or
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+`application/*`). If a function, the `type` option is called as `fn(req)`
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+and the request is parsed if it returns a truthy value. Defaults to
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+`application/octet-stream`.
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+
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+##### verify
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+
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+The `verify` option, if supplied, is called as `verify(req, res, buf, encoding)`,
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+where `buf` is a `Buffer` of the raw request body and `encoding` is the
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+encoding of the request. The parsing can be aborted by throwing an error.
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+
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+### bodyParser.text([options])
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+
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+Returns middleware that parses all bodies as a string and only looks at
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+requests where the `Content-Type` header matches the `type` option. This
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+parser supports automatic inflation of `gzip` and `deflate` encodings.
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+
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+A new `body` string containing the parsed data is populated on the `request`
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+object after the middleware (i.e. `req.body`). This will be a string of the
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+body.
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+
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+#### Options
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+
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+The `text` function takes an optional `options` object that may contain any of
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+the following keys:
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+
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+##### defaultCharset
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+
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+Specify the default character set for the text content if the charset is not
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+specified in the `Content-Type` header of the request. Defaults to `utf-8`.
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+
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+##### inflate
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+
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+When set to `true`, then deflated (compressed) bodies will be inflated; when
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+`false`, deflated bodies are rejected. Defaults to `true`.
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+
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+##### limit
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+
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+Controls the maximum request body size. If this is a number, then the value
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+specifies the number of bytes; if it is a string, the value is passed to the
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+[bytes](https://www.npmjs.com/package/bytes) library for parsing. Defaults
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+to `'100kb'`.
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+
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+##### type
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+
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+The `type` option is used to determine what media type the middleware will
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+parse. This option can be a string, array of strings, or a function. If not
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+a function, `type` option is passed directly to the
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+[type-is](https://www.npmjs.org/package/type-is#readme) library and this can
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+be an extension name (like `txt`), a mime type (like `text/plain`), or a mime
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+type with a wildcard (like `*/*` or `text/*`). If a function, the `type`
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+option is called as `fn(req)` and the request is parsed if it returns a
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+truthy value. Defaults to `text/plain`.
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+
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+##### verify
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+
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+The `verify` option, if supplied, is called as `verify(req, res, buf, encoding)`,
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+where `buf` is a `Buffer` of the raw request body and `encoding` is the
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+encoding of the request. The parsing can be aborted by throwing an error.
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+
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+### bodyParser.urlencoded([options])
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+
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+Returns middleware that only parses `urlencoded` bodies and only looks at
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+requests where the `Content-Type` header matches the `type` option. This
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+parser accepts only UTF-8 encoding of the body and supports automatic
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+inflation of `gzip` and `deflate` encodings.
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+
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+A new `body` object containing the parsed data is populated on the `request`
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+object after the middleware (i.e. `req.body`). This object will contain
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+key-value pairs, where the value can be a string or array (when `extended` is
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+`false`), or any type (when `extended` is `true`).
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+
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+#### Options
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+
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+The `urlencoded` function takes an optional `options` object that may contain
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+any of the following keys:
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+
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+##### extended
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+
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+The `extended` option allows to choose between parsing the URL-encoded data
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+with the `querystring` library (when `false`) or the `qs` library (when
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+`true`). The "extended" syntax allows for rich objects and arrays to be
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+encoded into the URL-encoded format, allowing for a JSON-like experience
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+with URL-encoded. For more information, please
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+[see the qs library](https://www.npmjs.org/package/qs#readme).
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+
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+Defaults to `true`, but using the default has been deprecated. Please
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+research into the difference between `qs` and `querystring` and choose the
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+appropriate setting.
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+
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+##### inflate
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+
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+When set to `true`, then deflated (compressed) bodies will be inflated; when
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+`false`, deflated bodies are rejected. Defaults to `true`.
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+
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+##### limit
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+
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+Controls the maximum request body size. If this is a number, then the value
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+specifies the number of bytes; if it is a string, the value is passed to the
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+[bytes](https://www.npmjs.com/package/bytes) library for parsing. Defaults
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+to `'100kb'`.
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+
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+##### parameterLimit
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+
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+The `parameterLimit` option controls the maximum number of parameters that
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+are allowed in the URL-encoded data. If a request contains more parameters
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+than this value, a 413 will be returned to the client. Defaults to `1000`.
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+
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+##### type
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+
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+The `type` option is used to determine what media type the middleware will
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+parse. This option can be a string, array of strings, or a function. If not
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+a function, `type` option is passed directly to the
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+[type-is](https://www.npmjs.org/package/type-is#readme) library and this can
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+be an extension name (like `urlencoded`), a mime type (like
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+`application/x-www-form-urlencoded`), or a mime type with a wildcard (like
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+`*/x-www-form-urlencoded`). If a function, the `type` option is called as
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+`fn(req)` and the request is parsed if it returns a truthy value. Defaults
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+to `application/x-www-form-urlencoded`.
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+
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+##### verify
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+
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+The `verify` option, if supplied, is called as `verify(req, res, buf, encoding)`,
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+where `buf` is a `Buffer` of the raw request body and `encoding` is the
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+encoding of the request. The parsing can be aborted by throwing an error.
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+
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+## Errors
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+
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+The middlewares provided by this module create errors depending on the error
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+condition during parsing. The errors will typically have a `status`/`statusCode`
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+property that contains the suggested HTTP response code, an `expose` property
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+to determine if the `message` property should be displayed to the client, a
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+`type` property to determine the type of error without matching against the
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+`message`, and a `body` property containing the read body, if available.
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+
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+The following are the common errors emitted, though any error can come through
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+for various reasons.
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+
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+### content encoding unsupported
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+
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+This error will occur when the request had a `Content-Encoding` header that
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+contained an encoding but the "inflation" option was set to `false`. The
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+`status` property is set to `415`, the `type` property is set to
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+`'encoding.unsupported'`, and the `charset` property will be set to the
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+encoding that is unsupported.
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+
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+### request aborted
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+
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+This error will occur when the request is aborted by the client before reading
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+the body has finished. The `received` property will be set to the number of
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+bytes received before the request was aborted and the `expected` property is
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+set to the number of expected bytes. The `status` property is set to `400`
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+and `type` property is set to `'request.aborted'`.
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+
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+### request entity too large
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+
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+This error will occur when the request body's size is larger than the "limit"
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+option. The `limit` property will be set to the byte limit and the `length`
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+property will be set to the request body's length. The `status` property is
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+set to `413` and the `type` property is set to `'entity.too.large'`.
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+
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+### request size did not match content length
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+
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+This error will occur when the request's length did not match the length from
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+the `Content-Length` header. This typically occurs when the request is malformed,
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+typically when the `Content-Length` header was calculated based on characters
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+instead of bytes. The `status` property is set to `400` and the `type` property
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+is set to `'request.size.invalid'`.
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+
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+### stream encoding should not be set
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+
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+This error will occur when something called the `req.setEncoding` method prior
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+to this middleware. This module operates directly on bytes only and you cannot
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+call `req.setEncoding` when using this module. The `status` property is set to
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+`500` and the `type` property is set to `'stream.encoding.set'`.
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+
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+### too many parameters
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+
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+This error will occur when the content of the request exceeds the configured
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+`parameterLimit` for the `urlencoded` parser. The `status` property is set to
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+`413` and the `type` property is set to `'parameters.too.many'`.
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+
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+### unsupported charset "BOGUS"
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+
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+This error will occur when the request had a charset parameter in the
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+`Content-Type` header, but the `iconv-lite` module does not support it OR the
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+parser does not support it. The charset is contained in the message as well
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+as in the `charset` property. The `status` property is set to `415`, the
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+`type` property is set to `'charset.unsupported'`, and the `charset` property
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+is set to the charset that is unsupported.
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+
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+### unsupported content encoding "bogus"
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+
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+This error will occur when the request had a `Content-Encoding` header that
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+contained an unsupported encoding. The encoding is contained in the message
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+as well as in the `encoding` property. The `status` property is set to `415`,
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+the `type` property is set to `'encoding.unsupported'`, and the `encoding`
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+property is set to the encoding that is unsupported.
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+
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+## Examples
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+
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+### Express/Connect top-level generic
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+
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+This example demonstrates adding a generic JSON and URL-encoded parser as a
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+top-level middleware, which will parse the bodies of all incoming requests.
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+This is the simplest setup.
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+
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+```js
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+var express = require('express')
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+var bodyParser = require('body-parser')
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+
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+var app = express()
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+
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+// parse application/x-www-form-urlencoded
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+app.use(bodyParser.urlencoded({ extended: false }))
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+
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|
|
+// parse application/json
|
|
|
+app.use(bodyParser.json())
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+app.use(function (req, res) {
|
|
|
+ res.setHeader('Content-Type', 'text/plain')
|
|
|
+ res.write('you posted:\n')
|
|
|
+ res.end(JSON.stringify(req.body, null, 2))
|
|
|
+})
|
|
|
+```
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+### Express route-specific
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+This example demonstrates adding body parsers specifically to the routes that
|
|
|
+need them. In general, this is the most recommended way to use body-parser with
|
|
|
+Express.
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+```js
|
|
|
+var express = require('express')
|
|
|
+var bodyParser = require('body-parser')
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+var app = express()
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+// create application/json parser
|
|
|
+var jsonParser = bodyParser.json()
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+// create application/x-www-form-urlencoded parser
|
|
|
+var urlencodedParser = bodyParser.urlencoded({ extended: false })
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+// POST /login gets urlencoded bodies
|
|
|
+app.post('/login', urlencodedParser, function (req, res) {
|
|
|
+ res.send('welcome, ' + req.body.username)
|
|
|
+})
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+// POST /api/users gets JSON bodies
|
|
|
+app.post('/api/users', jsonParser, function (req, res) {
|
|
|
+ // create user in req.body
|
|
|
+})
|
|
|
+```
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+### Change accepted type for parsers
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+All the parsers accept a `type` option which allows you to change the
|
|
|
+`Content-Type` that the middleware will parse.
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+```js
|
|
|
+var express = require('express')
|
|
|
+var bodyParser = require('body-parser')
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+var app = express()
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+// parse various different custom JSON types as JSON
|
|
|
+app.use(bodyParser.json({ type: 'application/*+json' }))
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+// parse some custom thing into a Buffer
|
|
|
+app.use(bodyParser.raw({ type: 'application/vnd.custom-type' }))
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+// parse an HTML body into a string
|
|
|
+app.use(bodyParser.text({ type: 'text/html' }))
|
|
|
+```
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+## License
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+[MIT](LICENSE)
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+[npm-image]: https://img.shields.io/npm/v/body-parser.svg
|
|
|
+[npm-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/body-parser
|
|
|
+[travis-image]: https://img.shields.io/travis/expressjs/body-parser/master.svg
|
|
|
+[travis-url]: https://travis-ci.org/expressjs/body-parser
|
|
|
+[coveralls-image]: https://img.shields.io/coveralls/expressjs/body-parser/master.svg
|
|
|
+[coveralls-url]: https://coveralls.io/r/expressjs/body-parser?branch=master
|
|
|
+[downloads-image]: https://img.shields.io/npm/dm/body-parser.svg
|
|
|
+[downloads-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/body-parser
|